Identify institutional and whale accumulation through on-chain metrics before it is visible in price action. Key signals: (1) Exchange outflows — BTC/ETH leaving exchanges reduces sell pressure and signals self-custody (accumulation intent). (2) Long-term holder supply rising — coins dormant >1 year increasing as % of supply signals conviction holding. (3) MVRV Z-Score in green zone (<0) — market value below realized value; network historically bottoms here. (4) Addresses in profit <50% — statistical undervaluation. (5) Whale accumulation wallets (>1,000 BTC) growing.